Components of the Behavioral and Cultural Approaches to Learning

 Referencing Piaget:

According to Piaget the child’s ability to think, reason and understand the world is rapidly growing during the first two years of life. Piaget introduced four theories:

• The sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years) Babies from birth to 2 years of age use their senses and bodily movements to understand the world around them, which is why this stage is known as the sensorimotor stage.
• The preoperational stage (2–7 years) During this stage, children build on object permanence and continue to develop abstract mental processes. This means they can think about things beyond the physical world, such as things that happened in the past.
• The concrete operational stage (7–11 years) Piaget theorized that at this stage, children further develop and master abstract thought and become less egocentric.
• The formal operational stage (12+ years) In this final stage of cognitive development, children 

Referencing Vygotsky:

• Vygotsky agreed with Piaget that the development of cognitive abilities takes place in stages and he also agreed broadly with the description of the stages however he viewed cognitive development as a social process where children learn from experienced adults.

                   One of the main elements of Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory is the development of ego identity. 

Erikson's theory centered on psychosocial development rather than psychosexual development. The stages that make up his theory are as follows: 1  Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt